四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组气藏转向酸酸化模拟及其应用

四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组气藏白云岩储层溶蚀孔洞、天然微裂缝均发育,储层较强的非均质性和严重的钻完井液伤害导致均匀布酸困难,特别是对于长井段大斜度井和水平井酸化改造则更加困难。为此,从黏弹性表面活性剂转向酸转向变黏机理和流变行为研究入手,优选转向性能好且二次伤害低的转向酸作为主体酸液,根据流变行为实验结果拟合有效黏度经验模型,耦合双尺度蚓孔扩展模型,建立自转向酸酸化数学模型,模拟长井段大斜度井非均匀伤害下转向酸酸化的pH值、Ca~(2+)浓度、有效黏度和蚓孔形态等,并对比了胶凝酸和5%VES转向酸酸化的蚓孔形态、流量分配和吸酸剖面。结果表明:转向酸可明显地改善强非均质性储层的吸酸剖面,增强对低渗透储层的改造力度。针对该盆地龙王庙组白云岩储层强非均质性和钻完井液伤害复杂性,形成了长井段割缝衬管完成大斜度井和水平井变VES浓度转向酸酸液置放技术,现场应用8井次,累计获井口测试天然气产量1 233.46×10~4m~3/d,平均单井增产倍比达到1.95,该技术有力地支撑了对龙王庙组特大型气藏的高效开发。

Numerical simulation and field application of diverting acid acidizing in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin

The Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao dolomite gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin are characterized by well-developed naturalmicro-fractures and dissolved pores and cavities. Due to the strong heterogeneity of reservoirs and the serious damage of drilling and completion fluids, acid placement is difficult, and especially the acidizing stimulation of long-interval highly deviated wells or horizontal wells is more difficult. In this paper, the diverting mechanism and rheological behavior of viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based diverting acid was firstly investigated, and the diverting acid with good diversion performance and low secondary damage was selected as the main acid. Then, based on the experimental results of its rheological behaviors, an empirical model of effective viscosity was fitted and a two-scale wormhole propagation model was coupled. And accordingly, a mathematical model for the acidizing of self-diverting acid was established to simulate the pH value, Ca2+ concentration, effective viscosity and wormhole shape under the effect of diverting acid in long-interval highly deviated wells that are non-uniformly damaged. Finally, gelled acid and 5% VES diverting acid were compared in terms of their etched wormhole shapes, flow rate distribution and acid imbibition profiles. It is shown that the diverting acid can obviouslyimprove the acid imbibition profile of strong-heterogeneity reservoirs to intensify low-permeability reservoir stimulation. In view of the strong heterogeneity of Longwangmiao dolomite reservoirs and the complexities of drilling and completion fluid damage in the Sichuan Basin, a placement technology was developed for variable VES concentration diverting acid in horizontal wells and long-interval highly deviated wells completed with slotted liners. This acid placement technology has been practically applied in 8 wells and their cumulativegas production rate tested at the wellhead is 1 233.46×104m3/d. The average production stimulation ratio per well is up to 1.95. It provides a support for the efficient development of the Longwangmiao giant gas reservoir.