泥石流软基消能排导槽流速与消能特性试验研究

排导槽内泥石流流速是排导槽设计时需要考虑的重要参数之一。使用泥石流原样进行室内模型实验,探究了不同泥石流重度、肋槛间距、排导槽坡度下泥石流在排导槽内流速的变化规律和排导槽肋槛对泥石流的消能规律。研究得到如下结论:试验条件下,泥石流排导槽对泥石流流速的降低率随泥石流重度变化不大;泥石流在排导槽内平均流动速度随泥石流重度的增加而减少,随泥石流排导槽坡度的增大而增大,随肋槛间距的增加而增加;泥石流在排导槽内消能率呈现如下规律:单个肋槛平均消能率随泥石流重度的增大而增大,随排导槽坡度的增大而增大。不同肋槛间距下,泥石流在排导槽内整体消能率随肋槛间距的增大而降低,单个肋槛平均消能率随肋槛间距的增大而增大。根据本文研究相关成果,在进行泥石流排导槽设计时,通过合理设计排导槽横断面、坡度、肋槛等参数,能有效控制泥石流流速,达到降低泥石流冲击破坏的目的。

Experimental Study on Debris Flow Velocity and Energy Dissipation in Soft-based Energy Dissipation Drainage Canal

The velocity of debris flow in drainage canal is an important parameter. In order to explore the law of debris flow, real debris flow model experiments were carried out to explore the energy flow velocity and dissipation of different density, threshold of spacing, drainage canal slope. Conclusions are as follows: under the experimental conditions, the debris flow velocity shows a gradual decreasing trend; average flow velocity decreases with increasing density of debris flow; average flow velocity increases with the slope; debris flow velocity increases with the increases of the rib spacing. Tank energy dissipation rate shows the following rules: Average energy dissipation of single rib rate increases with the density of debris flow, and increase with the drainage canal slope increase. Under the different rib spacing, overall energy dissipation rate increases with the rib spacing reduced, but average energy dissipation of single rib rate increases with the distance increase between two ribs. According to the relevant results, the flow velocity can be effectively controlled by rational design of the parameters such as cross section, slope and rib sill, so as to reduce the impact and damage of debris flow.