长大双洞公路隧道联络通道间距设置研究

为了更有效且经济地对双洞单向公路隧道联络通道的设置间距进行确定,本研究首先结合PHOENICS计算软件建立了某特长双洞单向公路隧道的计算模型,并对隧道内的火灾烟雾场及温度场进行了模拟研究;进而以修正的Crane模型及FED死亡模型为基础,以“高温-CO”叠加伤害为原则,通过微元积分的手段对火灾温度及CO浓度进行了进一步的修正,从而推导出了人员逃生过程中的生命损失值模型;再以荷兰学者在Benelux隧道内所进行的火灾人员疏散实验研究为基础,结合蒙特卡洛法给出了逃生人员的疏散时间及疏散速度的分布情况,最终将以上所得研究结果进行联立,得出了“联络通道间距—人员死亡概率”关系曲线。研究表明:双洞单向公路隧道发生火灾时,其通风风速超过临界风速时才会有利于下游温度及CO浓度的控制,否则通风将会对下游人员的逃生形成负作用。当环境风速为0 m/s且逃生距离为200 m时,人员逃生失败概率为1.008 65%;当环境风速为2.0 m/s且逃生距离为400 m时,人员逃生失败概率最大,其大小为3.319 91%。最终结合风险评价等级得出了长大双洞隧道联络通道间距应小于320 m为宜。

Study on Cross Passage Interval of Bigger Single-hole Highway Tunnel

In order to determine the spacing of contact passage in single-hole two-way highway tunnel in a more effective and economic way, this research first combined PHOENICS calculation software to establish the calculation model of an extra-long single-hole two-way highway channel, and at the same time, a simulation study was carried out for the fire smoke field and temperature field in the tunnel. Based on the amended Crane model and FED mortality model, it took “high-temperature-CO” staking damage as the principle, and further amended the fire temperature and CO concentration by means of infinitesimal integral, and thus the life loss value model during the escape process was deduced. Further, this research was based on the experimental study of personnel evacuation in the fire carried out by Benelux, a Dutch scholar, in the tunnel, and combined the distribution of evacuation time and evacuation speed for the escape personnel given by Monte-Carlo method. It later simultaneously combined the study results for calculation, and finally obtained the relation curve between “spacing of contact passage -personal death probability”. We get the conclusion from the research that: in case of a fire in single-hole two-way highway tunnel, only when the ventilation velocity exceeds the critical wind speed, it will help the control of downstream temperature and CO concentration. Otherwise, the ventilation may have negative effect on escape of downstream personnel. When surrounding air speed is 0m/s and escape distance is 200 m, the failure probability for personnel escape is 1.008 65%; and as the surrounding air speed reaches 2.0 m/s and escape distance is 400 m, the failure probability of personnel escape reaches the maximum, 3.319 91%. At last, by combing the risk evaluation grade, we obtained that the spacing of contact passage in extra-long single-way tunnel should be less than 320 m.