英国海上油气矿业权出让经验及其对中国发展路径的启示

中国海上油气资源丰富,发展潜力巨大。探索合理的海上油气矿业权出让制度改革路径,可有效促进我国对深海油气的开发,助力能源革命战略的推进。英国有着丰富的海上油气勘探开发经验,其合理的油气矿业权出让制度可为我国提供借鉴和参考。为此,采用规范分析、实证分析和经验制度分析相结合的方法,从油气开发的国家战略和法律体系、矿业权出让的主要制度设计等方面,对英国的海上油气矿业权出让制度进行了剖析。进而提出了我国海上油气矿业权出让制度的发展路径及改革建议:(1)从完善油气矿业权出让的顶层制度设计、建立油气区块的信息库制度、优化制度中程序设计、加强评委资质管理等4个方面着手,建构完善的油气矿业权出让体系;(2)放宽海上油气矿业权的勘查开发门槛,鼓励多种主体、国际、资本与技术间的联合开发与联合投标;(3)设置海上油气开发的监管机构;(4)设置跨部门的企业信用积分体系。

Experiences from UK offshore oil and gas mining rights transfer system and its enlightenment to China

Offshore oil and gas resources in China are huge with a great development potential. To explore a reasonable offshore oil & gas mining right transfer system and some institutional reform paths will help stimulate the further development of deep sea oil & gas resources and promote the energy revolution strategies in China. The UK has rich experiences in offshore oil & gas exploration and development and its complete and logical oil & gas mining right transfer system and schemes are worth learning and referring to, on which we thus made a deep and thorough discussion through empirical and normative analysis combined with actual experiences and regimes. On this basis, we presented the following proposals for China. (1) A complete oil & gas mining transfer system should be established from the four aspects of top-level system design, database construction of oil & gas zones, optimization of program design in system, and the intensification of judge qualification management. (2) To lever the threshold of survey and exploitation for offshore oil & gas mining rights and to attract more investors home and abroad and encourage joint-cooperation and joint-bidding partnership. (3) To regulate special regulatory agencies and to build a credit-score system for enterprises.