太原市晋祠泉域生态环境特征分析

山西太原市晋祠泉是华北有名的岩溶大泉,近年来泉水流量一直呈衰减趋势甚至断流,恢复和保护晋祠泉水的昔日风貌让名泉复流,深化对泉域的研究在全省的水资源战略格局中至关重要。文中从水土保持的角度研究了晋祠泉域的自然地理与水资源系统环境特征。泉域内有土石山区、黄土丘陵沟壑区、黄土丘陵阶地区三种地貌类型;土地利用布局不合理,水土流失严重,土壤侵蚀模数500～7 000 t/(km.2a);降水是泉水流量变化的主要影响因素,1974年之后,降水量与汾河渗漏量的逐年减少、岩溶地下水开采逐年增加以及补给区水土流失成为导致晋祠泉水流量衰减的综合因素;结合晋祠泉岩溶水介质系统构造发育,研究了晋祠泉水资源系统结构特征与泉水补给区域特点,泉水的补给主要依靠灰岩裸露区接受大气降水和河流渗漏。对晋祠而言,汾河水在深水位灰岩区的渗漏则不容忽视,这种补给更可能占主要地位。

Analysis on the Characteristic of Ecological Environment of Jinci Spring Area in Taiyuan

Jinci Spring is a well-known karst spring in north of China, and it is an important water resource for people. In recent years, the spring flow presents an attenuation trend even drying up. Therefore, to restore and protect the old style for spring reflow and deepen the study of the spring area are crucial in the water strategy pattern.The environment characteristics of geographical and water resources system of Jinci Spring area are described from the angle of soil and water conservation in this paper. There are three kinds of landform in spring area： earth-rocky mountainous area, loess hilly and gully region, loess hilly terrace area. It is a region of severe soil erosion with annual erosion rate 500-7000t/（km2.a）.The precipitation is the main influence factors that may lead to spring flow change. But after 1974, precipitation and seepage amount decreased year by year, and karst groundwater exploitation in- creased year by year ,which makes spring flow decayed rapidly. This paper analyzes the characteristic of water re- sources system architecture and features of recharge area.The results showed that infiltration of atomosphetic water and river leakage are major supply sources of karst water in Jinci Spring field. In the meanwhile, the seepage of lime- stone region in deep water level of Fenhe River is indispensable,which is more likely occupies the main position to Jinci.