空间碎片天基激光辐照下的轨道特性仿真分析

厘米级空间碎片对在轨航天器的威胁极大，高能激光辐照使其降轨进入大气层烧毁是近年来的研究热点。针对空间站附近厘米级空间碎片，利用天基平台搭载高能激光器，提出了多脉冲激光降轨的计算方法。仿真结果表明，天基平台激光清除厘米级空间碎片的前提是空间碎片处于清除窗口，清除窗口的选择是能否实现空间碎片降轨的关键；根据已有的激光器及天基平台参数，空间碎片多脉冲激光降轨可以达到清除效果；多脉冲降轨结果表明，空间碎片偏心率变化较大，造成其半长轴与远地点变化幅度很小而近地点变化幅度很大，而轨道倾角变化幅度很小；当降轨幅度相同时，需要施加的多脉冲速度增量总和与一次性施加的单脉冲速度增量基本相同，但降轨效果相差较大，不能通过一次单脉冲计算近似表示多脉冲降轨效果。通过上述问题的研究，为进一步实现空间碎片天基激光探测清除一体化仿真研究奠定基础。

Simulation analysis of orbit characteristics of space debris irradiated by space-based laser system

In-orbital spacecraft has been in great danger because of centimeter space debris. Nowadays a research topic that high energy laser irradiates orbital debris to make it into the atmosphere burned down has been more and more hot. In order to take care of centimeter space debris near space station, a space-based system with high energy laser had been appeared, with a method of calculation of multiple pulses laser orbital-dropping. The simulation result shows that the possibility of removing space debris with space-based laser is that space debris is in a certain condition named cleaning window. The selection of cleaning window is the key of orbital-dropping of debris. Under the existing conditions, such as laser power and platform parameters, multiple pulse laser orbital-dropping of debris is feasible. The result of multiple pulses laser orbital-dropping shows that debris orbital parameters have a big change in eccentricity and a small change in inclination, causing a big range in perigee and a small range in apogee. After insuring range of orbital-dropping, the result of single pulse velocity increment is nearly close of multiple pulses. Because the orbital-dropping has a great difference, there cannot be calculated of orbital-dropping by a single pulse to approximate multiple pulses. Based on above discussion, the modeling and simulation of detection and removing centimeter space debris with space-based laser system can be finished.