天基大口径反射镜支撑技术的发展

为了满足人类对地观测和宇宙探索的更高性能要求，空间望远镜反射镜口径已经从米级向十米量级迈进，呈现不断增大的趋势。大口径反射镜支撑与反射镜面形精度和稳定性直接相关，是决定空间望远镜实际观测能力乃至任务成败的关键技术之一。首先对大口径反射镜的三种主要支撑形式进行了介绍并做出适用性比较。在此基础上，从影响反射镜支撑设计的各个因素出发，讨论了反射镜支撑的设计原则。然后结合设计原则的讨论和国内外研究进展对支撑点数量和位置优化、无热化设计、无应力装配设计等大口径反射镜支撑关键技术及发展方向进行了探讨，期望对我国大型空间望远镜的研制提供借鉴，在新一轮空间探索热潮中实现跨越发展。

Progress of support technique of space-based large aperture mirror

To meet the higher demands of the earth and space observation, the aperture of space telescope mirror has took step to 10 m order of magnitude from 1 m with an ever-increasing trend. As a key technology for the space telescope, the large aperture mirror support is related directly to the surface shape accuracy and stability of the mirror, and crucial to the actual observation ability and even the success of the telescope mission. Three main forms of mirror support were discussed and their applicability were compared. The influential factors on the mirror mount design were summarized and based on this summary some key points and principles for support design were discussed. Combined with analysis on support technique research progress at home and abroad, the key techniques such as optimization on the number and location of support points, athermal design and un-stressed assembly and the trend of development were scrutinized. It is expected to provide reference for large space telescope of our country and thus promote leapfrog development in the new round of space exploration.