塔里木台盆区碳酸盐岩成藏模式与勘探实践

油气成藏模式的认识与勘探思路、勘探方向密切相关。通过对塔里木盆地勘探成果及认识回顾，建立和丰富了塔里木台盆区油气成藏模式，展现了勘探思路和认识的转变过程。台盆区勘探经历了从潜山构造型向古隆起（古斜坡）岩溶缝洞型的转变，通过解析成藏条件和成藏特征，建立了塔河油田“古隆起—古斜坡岩溶缝洞型复式成藏模式”，形成了塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏理论；顺北油气田的发现和扩大，与“超深断溶体复式成藏模式”的建立有关，实现了从古隆起（古斜坡）向低部位“禁区”的空间拓展和勘探突破；通过解析定义超深断溶体油气藏，创新形成了超深断溶体油气成藏理论，建立了塔里木盆地台盆区的隆起—斜坡+腹部断溶体的海相油气复式成藏的完整模式，丰富了中国海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏理论，为明确下步油气勘探指明了方向。

Carbonate reservoir forming model and exploration in Tarim Basin

The understanding of oil and gas accumulation patterns is closely related to exploration ideas and directions. Through the exploration results and knowledge review of the Tarim Basin, a hydrocarbon accumulation model in the Tarim Basin has been established and a transformation of exploration ideas and knowledge has been demonstrated. Buried hill structure model transformed to paleo-uplift (paleo-slope) karst fracture-cavity model. By analyzing the accumulation conditions and characteristics, a “paleo-uplift and paleo-slope karst fracture-cavity complex reservoir formation model” was established in the Tahe Oilfield providing a marine carbonate oil and gas accumulation model in the Tarim Basin. The discovery and expansion of the Shunbei oil and gas field is related to the establishment of the “super deep fault-karst complex accumulation model”, which has achieved spatial expansion and an exploration breakthrough from the paleo-slope to the “forbidden area” in the lower location. Analysis of an ultra-deep fault-karst oil and gas reservoir provided the basis for a model of an uplift-slope + hinterland fault-karst of the platform basin in the Tarim Basin. The complete marine hydrocarbon accumulation model has enhanced the theory of marine carbonate oil and gas accumulation in China and pointed out a direction for future oil and gas exploration.