空间碎片精密测角和测距仿真数据定轨性能分析

目前空间碎片精密跟踪数据可以通过光学测角和激光测距两种手段获取。文中旨在通过大量的仿真实验来分析上述两种手段获取的数据对碎片定轨及预报性能的影响,以期根据各自的特点更好地利用稀缺的数据资源。首先利用了2015年1月Starlette和Larets卫星CPF精密预报轨道作为参考轨道,仿真生成基于国内区域内4个观测站精度1的测角数据和精度1 m的测距数据,然后,利用仿真数据生成单站和双站算例并进行定轨,得到完整弧段及部分弧段的测角、测距数据定轨预报结果。结果表明:在上述观测数据精度基础上,测角数据较测距数据在定轨中的表现更加稳定,将完整通过弧段缩短至90 s时,约75%的角度定轨算例的短期(1~2天)预报轨道仍能够满足20精度要求。实验结果同时表明:单站、双站定轨预报误差分布相似。

Space debris orbit determination performance analysis using accurate simulated angular and ranging data

Optical angles and laser ranging data are two common types of space debris accurate tracking data. After a great deal of simulated experiments, the performance of debris orbit determination and prediction were investigated using these two types of data, in an effort to understand their characteristics and use these sparse data in a better manner in the future. At first, the simulated angular data of 1 accuracy and ranging data of 1 m accuracy were generated using Consolidated Prediction Format(CPF) orbits of Starlette and Larets in January, 2015 for four observation stations in China. Then, orbit determination cases using data from single station and two stations were formed. For all orbit determination cases, data from either full pass or shorter pass were used in orbit computations. Result shows that the Orbit Prediction(OP) results using angular data are more stable than those using ranging data. Specifically, about 75% of 1-2 day OPs using angular data of two 90 second passes have accuracy better than 20. It also shows that the OP performances using two single-station passes are very similar to those using two passes from two stations.