双望远镜的空间碎片激光测距试验研究

大口径望远镜有助于提升空间碎片目标测量能力。根据激光测距雷达方程应用多台相对较小口径望远镜同时接收激光回波信号,可等效实现单台大口径望远镜激光信号接收能力,弥补大口径望远镜在目标快速跟踪、系统运行维护等方面不足,并可兼顾测距系统测量能力和效率。基于中国科学院上海天文台相距约55 m的1.56 m和60 cm口径望远镜系统,研究了双接收望远镜测距技术,在国内首次开展双望远镜空间碎片激光观测试验,验证了多望远镜同时接收碎片目标激光信号测量技术。测量数据结果表明:1.56 m口径望远镜激光回波接收能力是60 cm口径望远镜的约3~4倍,双望远镜可等效于一台约1.65 m口径望远镜的激光接收能力,在远距离、小尺寸空间碎片目标高精度激光观测中将发挥重要作用。

Experiment of laser ranging to space debris by using two receiving telescopes

For laser measurement to space debris adopting large aperture telescope will help to increase the ability of detecting laser echoes. According to laser link equation adopting multi-relative-small aperture telescopes could achieve the ability of receiving the laser echoes from one large aperture telescopes and the disadvantages for the large telescope, such as fast tracking ability, system running maintance and so on could be offest and with the measuring ability and efficiency. Based on the 1.56 m aperture of astronomical telescope about 55 m far from the 60 cm telescope at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences, the method of laser measurement with two receiving telescopes have been investigated and the observing experiments of space debris for the first time in China are also performed to validate the feasibility of synchronously receiving laser echoes by multi-receiving telescopes. It is indicated from the measuring results that the receiving ability for 1.56 m telescope is approximate three or four times higher than that of 60 cm telescope and the equivalent receiving aperture of 1.65 m telescope can be derived, which will play an important role in high precision laser ranging to far-distance and small-size space debris in future.