汶川地震中木结构古建筑的震害调查与分析

根据对四川省都江堰、广元、彭州等灾区的木结构古建筑震害的调查结果以及相关研究资料,通过分类与统计的方法,得到其不同破坏程度所占的比例,归纳出其典型震害特征,并对其成因进行了分析。分析结果表明:木结构古建筑抵抗低烈度地震扰动的能力较弱,非结构构件破坏所占的比例很大,但其所采用的榫卯节点、柱脚"平摆浮搁"以及斗拱等特殊的连接方式,起到了减震耗能作用,保证了木结构古建筑整体具有较好的抗震能力,严重损坏者较少。然而,部分古建筑由于后期改造不当、年久失修和山体滑坡等原因,仍然发生了整体或部分倒塌。由此得到一些启示:不符合古建筑受力机理的改造,会加重其震害程度。

Investigation and Analysis of Seismic Damage for Chinese Ancient Timber Buildings in Wenchuan Earthquake

According to the seismic damage classification and statistics of Chinese ancient timber buildings located in Dujiangyan,Guangyuan,Pengzhou,etc.in Sichuan province,as well as relevant research results,the proportions of different damage degrees and characteristics of typical seismic damage are summarized,while seismic damage origin is analyzed.Analysis results indicate that the seismic performance of these buildings in high-intensity earthquake is better than those in low-intensity zone,because of some special techniques such as mortise-tendon joints flat swing and floating positioning.The majority of Chinese ancient timber buildings were only slightly damaged with nonstructural components,while the minority of the buildings was damaged seriously.But some Chinese ancient timber buildings collapsed partly or integrally for the reason of improper transformation,disrepair or landslide.Based on this research,it is revealed that improper transformations will increase the seismic damage.