堤防工程对河流生物多样性的影响分析

目前，我国的河道治理工程大多是为了满足人们对于供水、防洪、航运等经济需求，而生态环境保护的需求考虑很少，导致河流的异质性降低，从而影响了生物的多样性。以长江南京新济洲河段为例，介绍了河道整治工程实施情况。这些工程在发挥积极作用的同时，也改变了河道原来的天然情况，使河道更加顺直，河底高程更加单一，堤岸硬化，流速加快。这些改变有利于该河段原来某些生物的生长，而对另一些生物的生长将产生不利影响，使河流的生物多样性降低。依据该河段的原有水生生物，对河道整治工程可能产生的影响进行了分析。根据分析成果，提出了保护生物多样性的若干措施。

Influence of dyke project on river biological diversity: a case study of river regulation of Xinjizhou reach of Yangtze River, Nanjing

At present,the purpose of most dyke projects constructed in China are to meet economic requirements such as water supply,flood control,navigation etc.,but the requirements of ecological protection are not considered well,reducing the heterogeneity and influencing the biodiversity of rivers.Taking the Xinjizhou reach(Nanjing) of Yangtze River as a case,the regulation project of the river reach is introduced.While the projects play an active role,the original natural river condition is also changed,the river channel becomes straighter and the bottom slope becomes more unitary,and the river bank is hardened and the flow velocity becomes faster.These changes produce favorable condition for some original organisms,but influence some other organisms,resulting in less river biodiversity.According to original water organisms in the river reach,the influence of project construction is analyzed and some protection measures for biodiversity are suggested.