新疆干旱灾害的特征及其影响因素分析

整理了1950—2000年新疆地区干旱灾害资料,分析了区内干旱灾害的变化特征及形成干旱灾害的主要原因。结果表明:近50 a间共发生干旱灾害47次,平均1.06 a发生一次,其中轻度旱灾14次,占旱灾发生总数的29.8%;中度旱灾14次,占旱灾总数的29.8%;重大旱灾10次,占旱灾总数的21.2%;特大旱灾9次,占旱灾总数的19.2%。从20世纪80年代开始,重大与特大干旱灾害发生频率明显提高,同时新疆干旱灾害的受灾面积、成灾面积、各种经济损失有逐步增加的趋势。新疆干旱灾害成因主要为干旱缺水、水资源时空分布不均、不合理的人类活动以及水利工程水毁等。

Analysis on Characteristic and Affecting Factor of Drought Disaster of Xinjiang

The variation characteristics and major cause reasons of drought disaster in Xinjiang were analyzed and studied with the drought disaster data which was collected and arranged from 1950-2000 in this paper.The result shows that: drought disaster happened 47 times in resent 50 years in total,1.06 years/time in average.Among them,there are 14 slight droughts accounting for 29.8% of the sum total droughts,the same as the moderate droughts.And,10 major droughts and 9 disastrous droughts,respectively account for 21.2% and 19.2% of the sum total droughts.The frequency of the major and disastrous droughts are significantly increased since the 80’s.At the same time,the inundated area,damage area,and any kinds of economic losses have the increasing trend.The major reasons for drought disaster in Xinjiang are water shortage,uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources,unreasonable human activities and hydraulic engineering works damaged by water.