纳米材料在提高原油采收率中的研究进展

近年来,油田采油过程对驱油材料的性能提出了更高的要求,使用纳米材料是从微观角度提升驱油剂性能的重要方法。研究表明,对纳米材料进行改性处理,如表面接枝改性、构造核-壳分子结构等,以及将纳米材料与其他驱油材料(如聚合物、表面活性剂等)复配,可从降低油水界面张力、乳化原油降低原油粘度、改善岩石表面润湿性、稳定泡沫等方面推动原油流动,可见纳米材料在提高原油采收率方面具有重要意义。综述了近几年国内外纳米SiO₂、纳米TiO₂、纳米纤维素、聚合物纳米微球、纳米石墨烯等纳米材料在驱油材料中应用的研究进展,解析了其研发中的瓶颈问题及今后的研发方向,评述了各种纳米材料提高原油采收率、抗温、抗盐等性能,以期为相关研究提供借鉴。

Research on Nanomaterials in Oilfield for Oil Recovery Enhancement

In the oil production process,higher requirements have been put forward by the oilfields for the performance of oil-displacing materials in recent years.The application of nano-materials is an important method to improve the performance of oil-displacing agents from a microscopic point of view.Current research shows that the modification of nanomaterials,such as surface graft modification,core-shell molecular structure construction,and the combination of nanomaterials with other oil displacement materials such as polymers and surfactants can improve the crude oil recovery.Nanomaterials can promote crude oil flow by reducing oil-water interface tension,emulsifying crude oil to reduce the viscosity of crude oil,improving rock surface wettability,and stabilizing foam.It can be seen that nanomaterials are of great significance in the enhancement of oil recovery.The research progresses of nano-SiO₂,nano-TiO₂,nano-cellulose,polymer nano-spheres and nano-graphene at home and abroad in recent years are all reviewed.The bottlenecks in the research and development are analyzed and the future research and development directions are proposed.The properties of nanomaterials,such as improving oil recovery performance,temperature resistance,salt resistance,etc.,are reviewed in order to provide reference for related research.