先进铜钨复合材料研究进展

铜钨(CuW)复合材料由于具有高强度、高抗烧蚀性和抗熔焊性以及优异的导电、导热性能,因此被作为触头材料广泛应用于各种高压开关断路器的核心部件。近年来,随着我国对电力能源的需求不断增加,远距离、超高压、大容量输变电成为发展趋势,对触头材料的性能提出了更高的要求。介绍了铜钨复合材料的基本物理特性,对比了铜钨复合材料的不同制备工艺及优缺点,评述了采用纳米/细晶结构和掺杂改性两种思路来获取高性能、长寿命的铜钨复合材料的研究进展。最后笔者认为,在基体中加入碳纳米管或石墨烯等碳纳米材料的改性处理方法有望制备低成本、规模化、商用耐烧蚀的铜钨复合材料。

Recent Advance of Copper Tungsten Composite Materials

Copper tungsten(CuW)composites are widely used as the core parts of various high-voltage circuit breakers because of their high strength,high ablation resistance,anti-fusion and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.In recent years,with the increasing demand for electric energy in our country,long-distance,ultra-high voltage,large capacity power transmission and transformation have become the development trend,so higher requirements are put forward for the performance of contact materials.This paper introduces the basic physical characteristics of CuW composites,compares the preparation techniques and their advantages and disadvantages,and reviews research progress on performance improvement from nanocrystalline/fine-grain structure and doping modification.At last,the authors think that the modification method of adding CNTs or graphene into the matrix is expected to realize low-cost,large-scale and commercial ablation-resistant CuW composites.