海拉尔盆地油气勘探历程与启示

对海拉尔盆地自20世纪50年代至今油气勘探历程进行回顾,总结了各勘探阶段的地质认识和工程技术,以及由此取得的重要勘探成果,将海拉尔盆地勘探历程划分为盆地区域勘探油气发现阶段、构造油藏勘探突破阶段、断块-岩性油藏勘探增储阶段和多类型油藏勘探扩展阶段。多年油气勘探实践表明,每次认识创新和思路转变,都给勘探工作带来了新的转机;复杂断陷盆地地震关键技术的突破,有效地提高了物探成像精度,为复杂构造区深化认识奠定了基础;原型盆地控制了烃源岩的形成和演化,凹陷内的构造带对油气运移和富集有明显的控制作用,明确主洼槽、断裂和构造控藏规律,是引领勘探方向的基础和关键;对洼槽区—缓坡带油气富集规律的认识,可带来勘探思路的转变和勘探领域及空间的拓展;地质理论认识的创新,是复杂断陷盆地拓展勘探领域持续发现的根本途径,这些对于今后的勘探工作具有促进作用和借鉴意义。

Petroleum Exploration History and Enlightenment in Hailar Basin

After looking back the oil and gas exploration history and summarizing the geological understanding, engineering technology and important exploration results in the Hailar basin since the 1950s, the exploration process of the Hailar basin can be divided into four stages, namely regional exploration for oil and gas discovery, structural reservoir exploration for breakthrough, fault-block reservoir and lithologic reservoir exploration for reserves increase, and multi-type reservoir exploration for further expansion. Many years of exploration practice proves the following conclusions: (1) Every innovation in understanding and every change in thinking bring new portunities to exploration; (2) Breakthrough to key seismic technologies can effectively improve geophysical imaging quality and lay a foundation for deepening understanding of complex structural zones in complex faulted basins; (3) The prototype basin controls the formation and evolution of source rocks, and the structural belts in sags control the migration and enrichment of oil and gas, so that the optimal selection of major sags and the clear understanding of reservoir forming controlled by faults and structures are the basis and key points guiding exploration; (4) Understanding oil and gas enrichment laws in subsag-slope zones allows the changes of exploration ideas and expansion in exploration field and space; (5) The innovation in the understanding of geological theory is fundamental for widening exploration field and making sustainable discoveries, and it is also helpful to broaden our mind and encourage innovation in future exploration.