三维X射线衍射技术与工程材料研究

第三代同步辐射光源可以产生高能X射线,实现对使役条件下工程材料内部晶体结构的原位无损表征.三维X射线衍射(3DXRD)是一种基于同步辐射技术的新兴表征技术,其采用单色高能硬X射线对多晶材料沿不同方向采集衍射信号,得到材料内部晶粒的晶体取向、空间位置、晶内局部应力张量等信息.当结合原位实验对材料进行3DXRD分析时,可以...

Three-Dimensional X-ray Diffraction Technique for the Study of Engineering Materials

The third-generation synchrotron radiation source can generate high-energy X-rays to realize in-situ non-destructive characterization of the internal crystal structure of engineering materials under service conditions.As an emerging characterization technique based on synchrotron radiation,three-dimensional X-ray diffraction(3DXRD)technique uses monochromatic high-energy hard X-rays to collect diffraction signals along different directions from polycrystalline materials to obtain the crystal orientation,spatial position,and local stress tensor of the grains inside the material.When the 3DXRD technique is combined with in-situ experiments,the dynamic evolution of the state of each crystal grain can be obtained.This technique has been successfully implemented in synchrotron radiation facilities such as ESRF in Europe,APS in the United States,SPring-8 in Japan and DESY in Germany.This article reviews the working principles of 3DXRD and its applications in engineering materials research,including measuring the evolution of grain orientation in materials,measuring grain-scale stress,studying the deformation mechanisms of hexagonal materials,understanding material failure,and verification of crystal plasticity finite element models.Finally,based on the status of 3DXRD,its development direction is envisioned.