油田污水中硫酸盐还原菌的变化规律及其控制技术

硫酸盐还原菌引起的油田注水水质沿程恶化和聚合物溶液粘度下降已成为近年来影响油田开发的重要问 题。油井产出液、污水站来水、注水站出水及注水井井口的水样分析结果表明，硫酸盐还原菌主要是在地面流程中 增生，同一区块污水中硫酸盐还原菌的浓度基本稳定，随时间变化幅度不大，依靠杀菌剂控制硫酸盐还原菌的方法 只能起到暂时缓解的作用。对胜利油区44个污水站污水的含油量、悬浮物含量和硫酸盐还原菌浓度等指标进行系 统检测，并将检测数据进行相关性分析，结果表明，硫酸盐还原菌的浓度与污水中的含油量和悬浮物含量成正相 关，所以要控制硫酸盐还原菌的浓度，需要首先降低污水的含油量和悬浮物含量。据此，提出了开放回注污水的处 理系统、尽可能应用空气气浮工艺的技术思路，从降低污水的含油量和悬浮物含量来控制硫酸盐还原菌的危害，以 减少杀菌剂的使用。

Change rule and control method of sulfate-reducing bacteria in oilfield produced water

The correlation between the sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) in oilfield produced water and some factors such as oil content or suspended solids is revealed through systematic analysis of the present of SRB of produced water in the oil production process. The presence of SRB is an inherent feature of the produced water. And, the concentration of SRB always keeps stable in the produced water of a certain reservoir, however, it will vary with each production process. The on-way deterioration of water and viscosity loss of polymer caused by SRB have become the major problems in the development of oilfield. Inhabitation of SRB through adding bactericide can only relieve the deterioration temporarily. For the future oilfield production, some technical ideas and control strategies to the SRB prevention are proposed, the first is to open the treatment systems of re-injected oilfield wastewater, and apply air flotation rather than bactericides as much as possible.