世界铁路发展状况及其关键力学问题 全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告

论述了世界部分发达国家和我国铁路发展情况、铁路运输的优点及其在经济建设中所发挥的作用。介绍了世界发达国家和我国铁路发展历史和未来轨道交通发展方向。详细讨论了现有铁路运输存在的问题和未来高速铁路亟待解决的关键力学问题。它们主要是:(1)弓网/列车/轨道(桥梁)大系统耦合动力学; (2)车辆结构强度和可靠度问题;(3)轮轨关系(脱轨、粘着、滚动接触疲劳和波浪形磨损、轮轨噪声);(4)高速列车弓网动力学和高速受流条件下摩擦磨损;(5)轨道结构关键力学和严酷环境下轨道工程破坏问题。这些问题直接危及到行车的安全和运行品质.并提出今后解决这些问题的主要方向。

DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF WORLD RAILWAY AND ITS KEY MECHANICS PROBLEM

Railway development histories of some developed countries and China and the future trend of railway traffic in the world are introduced. Railway transportation's superiority and its important role played in economy construct are described. The existing problem of railway transportation and key mechanics problems of train/railway at high-speed to be urgently solved are discussed. They mainly include: (1) pantograph-catenary/ train/track(bridge) system coupling dynamics; (2) vehicle structure strength and reliability problems; (3) wheel/rail performances(derailment, adhesion, rolling contact fatigue, corrugation and noise); (4) pantograph-catenary dynamics of high-speed train and wear and tear under the condition of high-speed current collection; (5) key mechanics problems of track structure and destructive problems of track engineering under atrocious environment. These problems have an important effect on traveling safety and running quality. Main directions to solve these problems in the future are presented.