铀在木纤维上的吸附行为及机理分析

为了解木纤维对铀的吸附特性,通过静态吸附实验,研究了木纤维的粒度、吸附时间、用量、温度及溶液的pH值和初始浓度等因素对模拟含铀废水中U(Ⅵ)去除率的影响,并从热力学和动力学方面对吸附过程进行了分析。结果表明:溶液初始pH≈3时,木纤维对铀的吸附平衡时间为4h,且吸附剂粒径越小、温度越高、用量越大,越有利于铀的去除;铀在木纤维上的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,吸附动力学过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型描述,表明化学吸附主要受动力学控制;木纤维吸附铀是自发的吸热反应。SEM、FT-IR和EDS分析结果表明,木纤维吸附铀后表面形态发生了改变,且在吸附过程中铀主要与木纤维表面活性基团螯合并形成配合物,存在表面络合吸附行为;吸附铀前后的能谱对比分析表明,吸附过程中存在离子交换行为。因此,木纤维对铀的吸附机理是以离子交换和表面络合吸附为主、物理吸附为辅的混合吸附过程。

Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Uranium on Wood Fiber

The adsorption performance of uranium on wood fiber was studied with static experiment. The influence factors on the U(Ⅵ) removal rate such as wood fiber particle size, adsorption time, dosage, temperature, pH and initial concentration were researched, and the adsorption process was analyzed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. The results show that the adsorption equilibrium time is 4 hours. When the pH reaches 3 for uranium-containing wastewater, uranium can be removed with the decrease of the size of adsorbent and with the increase of adsorbent dosage and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption data fit to Langmuir isotherms. The kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption. The adsorption process can be described by an equation of pseudo 2nd-order model. The thermodynamic data indicate that the synergistic uranium bio-sorption by wood fiber is a spontaneous and endothermal adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed with SEM, FT-IR and EDS. The results show that the surface form of wood fiber is changed and uranium mainly chelates with active groups on the fiber’s surface and forms the complexes. These indicate that the adsorption of uranium should be of surface coordination. The analyses of EDS before and after adsorption of uranium prove that the behavior of adsorption is ion exchange. The above results indicate that the adsorption mechanism is mainly surface coordination and ion exchange adsorption, followed by physical absorption.