页岩气勘探开发过程中的环境影响

当前，我国正积极推进页岩气资源的勘探和开发工作，但其对环境的影响尚缺乏科学评价和规范管理。在系统分析页岩气勘探开发主要流程：井场选址与建设、水平井钻井、水力压裂和投产等的基础上，辨识了其造成生态破坏和环境污染的主要因素以及可借鉴的技术和经验。结合我国页岩气资源的分布和勘探开发现状，从法规政策、企业责任以及技术创新三个层面，提出我国页岩气开发过程中环境保护和管理应努力的方向。

Environmental Impact during Shale Gas Exploration and Development Process

Nowadays,China is actively promoting the exploration and development of shale gas resources;meanwhile,its environmental impact during exploration and development process lack scientific assessment and normative management.Based on systematic analyses of the shale gas exploration and development main processes which include site selection and construction,horizontal drilling,hydraulic fracturing and production,this paper identifies the main factors of ecological destruction and environmental pollution and the referential techniques and experience.Combined with the distribution and the exploration and development status quo of shale gas resources in China,the paper presents the direction of environmental protection and management during shale gas development process from three levels of regulations and policies,corporate responsibility and technology innovation in China.