水酶法提取山苍子核仁油工艺的研究

山苍子是我国特有的木本油料资源，目前主要利用成分为果实精油。为了充分开发山苍子核仁资源，本研究尝试水酶法提取山苍子核仁油的研究，以山苍子核仁为原料，考察酶的种类及复配、酶用量、酶解时间等对核仁油提取率的影响；在单因素实验的基础上，利用响应面中心组合(Box-Behnken)实验设计对酶解反应的温度、液料比、pH进行工艺参数优化，并对最佳工艺条件下提取的山苍子核仁油做傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）及气相色谱/质谱（GC-MS）分析。结果表明，水酶法提山苍子核仁油的最佳工艺条件为：复合酶制剂组成为中性蛋白酶与纤维素酶质量比 1 ∶1 ，复合酶用量为3%、酶解时间7h；液料比为3mL/g、pH6.40、温度46℃，在此条件下山苍子核仁油的提取率能达到(86.10±0.68)%；FT-IR检测出OH、C=O、CH3、CH2、C=O、C-O等官能团，含有这些结构的脂肪酸均在GC-MS分析中被发现；GC-MS共鉴定出5种饱和脂肪酸，6种不饱和酸脂肪酸，不同提油工艺提取的山苍子核仁油脂的脂肪酸成分没有显著差异。

Study on Extraction Technology of Litsea Cubeba Kernel Oil by Aqueous Enzymatic Method

Litsea cubeba is a unique woody oil resource in China, and the main ingredient is fruit essential oil. In order to make full use of the resources of Litsea Cubeba kernel and optimize the process for extracting the Litsea Cubeba kernel oil by aqueous enzymatic method. Using the kernel of Litsea Cubeba as raw material, the effects of the types and compounding of enzymes, the amount of enzymes and the reaction time on the extraction rate of kernel oil were studied. Based on the single factor experiment, the Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the process parameters of the temperature, liquid-material ratio, and pH of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, and the Litsea Cubeba kernel oil extracted under the best process conditions was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS. The results showed that the best composite enzyme preparation of Litsea Cubeba kernel oil by aqueous enzymatic method was the mass ratio of neutral protease to cellulase 1:1, the amount of complex enzyme was 3%, the enzymolysis time was 7h, Liquid-solid ratio 3 mL/g, pH 6.40, and temperature 46°C. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of Litsea cubeba kernel oil reached (86.10±0.68) %. FT-IR detected OH, C=O, CH3, CH2, C=O, CO functional groups, fatty acids containing these functional groups were found in GC-MS analysis. GC-MS identified 5 kinds of saturated fatty acids and 6 kinds Unsaturated acid fatty acid. Different oil extraction processes had no significant effect on fatty acids.