环保型钻井液用降滤失剂研究进展

解决环境污染问题是改善钻井液的关键，开发环保型抗高温降滤失剂是当前研究的重要领域之一。概述了国内外环保型降滤失剂的研究进展，对国内外在环保型降滤失剂研制中所使用的原材料及产品性能，以及中国抗温改性天然高分子降滤失剂的发展近况进行了介绍。天然高分子降滤失剂是通过对淀粉、纤维素及木质素等天然高分子材料进行改性以提高其抗温、抗盐能力，使其可以应用于井温更高的深井钻探中。目前，中国环保型降滤失剂普遍可以应用到150℃的高温中，部分抗温能力可达到180℃却未能推广使用。通过对现有降滤失剂的研究，分析其抗高温的作用机理，探寻能有效提高抗温能力的单体分子结构及发挥作用的功能基团，例如磺酸基团、内酰胺基团等，以期对环保型抗高温降滤失剂的研制起到一定的指导和参考作用，加快环保型抗高温降滤失剂的发展。 

Progress in the Study of Environmentally Friendly Drilling Fluid Filtration Reducer

The development of environmentally friendly high temperature drilling fluid filtration reducer is an important subject at present, because it plays a key role in dissolving environment pollution. This paper summarizes the progress made at home and abroad in the study of environmentally friendly drilling fluid filtration reducer, and introduces the raw materials used for the development of environmentally friendly drilling fluid filtration reducer and the properties of product, as well as the progress made at home in the modification of natural polymer filtration reducers such as starch, cellulose and lignin. Starch, cellulose and lignin, through chemical modification, have their thermal stability and salt tolerance enhanced, and are able to be used in high temperature well drilling. Presently in China, environmentally friendly filtration reducers have been used in well drilling at 150℃. Some environmentally friendly filtration reducers that work properly at temperatures up to 180℃, are still left unused. Monomers with molecular structures and functional groups (such as sulfonic acid group and lactam group) that can enhance the thermal stability of drilling fluid filtration reducers are sought through study on filtration reducers now available and analyses of the working mechanisms of these high temperature filtration reducers. This paper is expected to be of guidance and reference in the development of environmentally friendly filtration reducers, and to be helpful in accelerating the pace of the development.