近30年太湖流域湿地生态系统服务价值 对景观格局变化的响应：基于“退田还湖” 工程的实施

由于太湖流域湿地生态系统服务价值(ESV)受到"退田还湖"工程实施的影响,定量研究其发展演变规律,能够为流域湿地的保护提供参考。运用RS和GIS技术,以1990、2000、2010和2019年TM遥感影像为数据源,对4个时期太湖流域湿地景观格局动态变化进行研究,并分析"退田还湖"工程实施前后湿地ESV变化规律,探讨工程对湿地生态效益的影响。研究表明:1)1990—2000年,在"围湖造田"工程的影响下,太湖流域湿地总面积减少了3010.35km~2,其中自然湿地减少了4554.01km~2,湿地ESV降低了35.73%;2)2000—2010年,在"退田还湖"工程实施初期,自然湿地的减少趋势得到控制,湿地ESV提高了77.96%,湿地斑块数目(NP)增加了126%,香农多样性指数(SHDI)呈上升趋势;3)2010—2019年,在"退田还湖"工程的推进下,湖泊湿地呈增长趋势,坑塘与水库面积显著增加,受湿地总面积减少的影响,湿地ESV下降;4)总体来看,1990—2019年太湖流域湿地面积减少了29.40%,湿地ESV减少了50.07%。"退田还湖"工程实施前后,太湖流域湿地ESV对湿地...

Response of the Value of Wetland Ecosystem Service in Taihu Basin to the Change of Landscape Pattern in the Past 30 Years: Based on the Implementation of the Project of Restoring the Lake from the Land

The service value of wetland ecosystem (ESV) is affected by the implementation of the lake project, and the law of its development and evolution can provide reference for the protection of wetland in the basin. Using RS and GIS technology, and the TM remote sensing images of wetland landscape pattern in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019 as the data sources, the paper analyzed the rules of wetland ESV before the time and the implementation of the project, and discussed the impact of the project on wetland ecological benefits. The research shows: 1) In 1990-2000, under the influence of the lake reclamation project, the total wetland area in the Taihu Lake Basin has reduced by 3,010.35km2 , the natural wetlands were reduced by 4,554.01km2 , and the wetland ESV was reduced by 35.73%; 2) In 2000-2010, in the early stage of the implementation of the lake retreat project, the decreasing trend in natural wetlands is controlled, and the wetland ESV was increased by 77.96%; the number of wetland patches (NP) has increased by 126%, and the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) is on the rise; 3) In 2010-2019 with the project, lakes and wetlands show a growth trend, the area of pit pond and reservoir increased significantly, and affected by the decrease in the total wetland area, the wetland ESV declined. 4) In general, the wetland area of the Taihu Lake Basin decreased by 29.40% and the wetland ESV decreased between 1990 and 2019 by 50.07%. Before and after the implementation of the project, the wetland ESV had the highest sensitivity of Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and Shannon uniformity index (SHEI) in the Taihu Lake Basin to the wetland landscape pattern.