油茶籽油主要特征成分的研究分析

研究分析了采自我国油茶籽主产地95个油茶籽和87个成品油茶籽油样品的特征成分.结果表明:油茶籽的纯仁率为57.5％～71.8％；含油量(干基)为39.6％～65.3％.提取油茶籽油的皂化值(KOH)、碘值(Ⅰ)分别为178.0～197.7 mg/g和79.3 ～97.3 g/100 g,成品油茶籽油分别为181.0～188.0 mg/g和82.0 ～86.0 g/100 g.提取油茶籽油和成品油茶籽油中占主要组分的脂肪酸相对含量几乎一致,提取油茶籽油的棕榈酸含量为7.1％ ～9.6％,硬脂酸含量为1.6％ ～3.3％,油酸含量为77.2％ ～ 83.6％,亚油酸含量为5.4％～9.8％；成品油茶籽油分别为3.9％～9.1％,1.0％～4.6％,74.3％～83.6％和7.0％～15.0％.根据上述数据可确定油茶籽油国家标准的特征指标和限量值.

Investigation on main characteristic composition of Camellia oleiferaseed oil

The main characteristic compositions of self-made crude oil of 95 kinds of Camellia oleifera seeds and 87 kinds of commercial refined oil collected from the principal Camellia oleifera seed-producing regions in China were analyzed.The results showed that the pure kernel yield was 57.5%-71.8%,and the oil content(dry basis) was 39.6%-65.3%.The saponification value and iodine value of the self-made crude oil were 178.0-197.7 mgKOH/g and 79.3-97.3 gI/100 g,respectively;those of the commercial refined oil were 181.0-188.0 mgKOH/g and 82.0-86.0 gI/100 g,respectively.The main fatty acids’ relative contents of self-made crude oil and commercial refined oil were almost equal.The fatty acids’ relative contents of crude oil were 7.1%-9.6% for palmitic acid,1.6%-3.3% for stearic acid,77.2%-83.6% for oleic acid,and 5.4%-9.8% for linoleic acid;these fatty acids’ relative contents of the commercial refined oil were 3.9%-9.1%,1.0%-4.6%,74.3%-83.6% and 7.0%-15.1%,respectively.Based on above data,the characteristic composition and individual limit values of Camellia oleifera seed oil for national standard could be determined.