枣棉间作的生态效应对棉花产量的影响

在气候干燥、风沙危害严重的塔里木盆地腹地———阿克苏市研究枣棉间作对棉花的生态环境因子及产量的影响,揭示环塔里木盆地干旱区枣棉间作系统中光照、空气温湿度、风速等生态因子的变化情况以及水平分布特征,探讨间作对棉花产量的影响,分析枣棉间作系统的经济收益.2010年,在枣棉共生期间,使用Vantage Pro2自动气象站和KS4000手持气象站观测光照强度、空气温湿度、风速和风向等气象因子,利用LAI2000冠层分析仪观测光合辐射,棉花采收前进行测产.间作系统的日平均光照为71.78%;光合有效辐射方面表现为距离枣树越远越高,反之则越低,大小关系为：W-165cm〉E-155cm〉W-105cm〉E-95cm;间作系统的日平均气温降低2.7℃,地表温度平均比对照棉田降低4.3℃,空气相对温度高3.0%,土壤水分含量高3.13%～3.62%;间作系统的防风效能达到38.6%;对棉花有一定的减产,但并不明显.枣棉间作作为新疆特有的果农间作模式之一,在很多方面表现出较强的优势,为环塔里木盆地特色林果产业的发展以及枣农间作模式提供借鉴.

Development effect on crop ecology and yield in jujube-cotton intercropping

The development effect on crop ecology factors and yield in jujube-cotton intercropping system were studied,changes and horizontal distribution law of ecology element such as light intensity,temperature,humidity,wind speed,discussed development effect on crop yield were revealed,and output value of intercropping system was analyzed.In 2010,light intensity,temperature,humidity,wind speed were observed with auto-meteorology Vantage Pro2 and portable meteorological apparatus KS4000,PAR were observed with LAI2000,surveyed yield before cotton were picked.The results showed that relative light intensity reaches 71.78%;The PAR is the farer the higher,W-165cmE-155cmW-105cmE-95cm;The average temperature decreases by 4.3℃,surface temperature decreases by 2.7℃,the average relative humidity increases by 3.0%,soil moisture increases by 3.13%~3.62%;The average windproof effect reaches 38.6%;The yield decreases,but a little.Jujube-cotton intercropping system is one of the peculiar model,displays superiorities on many sides,provides theory basis and new thought for development of characteristic fruit and Jujube-crop intercropping model.