基于遥感的内蒙古地级市土地覆盖结构时空变化特征分析

城市土地覆盖结构对城市生态服务功能和人居环境质量产生重要的影响。采用2000～2015年Landsat TM并协同高分辨率遥感影像,利用线性光谱混合模型获取内蒙古12个地级市每5 a土地覆盖结构信息,监测并分析城市扩张时空动态、土地覆盖结构及扩张类型差异特征。研究结果表明:2000～2015年,内蒙古12个地级市土地覆盖结构总体变化较快,城市面积扩张278.93km^2。相比较而言,2010～2015年城市面积扩张比例是前两个时间段(2000～2005年和2005～2010年)的1.61倍与1.91倍。2010年以来变化最为剧烈,城市不透水地表扩张尤为明显,城市植被呈现不同程度增加态势。城市扩张经历了3个阶段,即城市内部填充—城市内部填充—城市外延扩张型为主的变化过程,其中包头市和呼伦贝尔属于内部填充型城市。内蒙古地级市土地覆盖结构变化及差异特征与人口增长和社会经济发展有密切的关系。

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Urban Land Cover Structures in Prefecture-level Cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region based on Remote Sensing Imagery

The urban land cover structures play an important role in providing urban ecological service and altering the quality of human settlements environment.In this study,2000~2015 Landsat TM series satellite data along with fine resolution remote sensing images were used to capture information of each 5-year land cover structures in 12 prefecture-level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Subsequently,there land cover information was used to monitor and analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion,and differences of land cover structures and expansion types.The results showed that:in 2000~2015,the overall changes of land cover structures in 12 prefecture level cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were rapid.Specifically,the urban area expanded by 278.93 km^2.By comparison,the proportion of urban area expansion in 2010~2015 was 1.61 times and 1.91 times than that of the first two periods(in 2000~2005 and in 2005~2010).Since 2010,the most dramatic changes has been observed.Particularly,obvious urban impervious surface expansion was found.Also urban vegetation showed obviously increased with varying degrees.At the past decade,urban expansion has undergone three stages.Specifically,the main process experienced from urban interior filling to urban interior filling and then to urban extension,of which Baotou and Hulunbeier belonging to the internal filling city.Population growth and socio-economic development are responsible for these differences.