几种改性剂对稻草纤维/ABS复合材料挥发性有机化合物释放的影响

以稻草纤维及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)为原料,分别以活性炭、Al2O3、SiO2为改性剂,通过混炼-模压工艺制备了稻草纤维/ABS复合材料,采用热重-质谱联用仪对复合材料的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)释放情况进行对比分析,探讨了几种改性剂对稻草纤维/ABS复合材料VOC释放的影响。研究发现:ABS及稻草纤维均能在热解过程中释放CH_2O、C_2H_4O及C3H4O,而C_6H_6、C_7H_8、C_8H_8等苯类及烷烃类物质的释放源则主要为ABS;活性炭的添加能够显著降低稻草纤维/ABS复合材料的VOC释放,其VOC释放总量降低了55.5%;Al2O3和SiO2虽然能比较明显地降低复合材料中苯类物质的释放含量,分别降低了32.4%和30.9%,但是其中的Fe、Cu等金属杂质却能够催化醛类物质的产生,导致VOC释放总量分别增加了11.8%和235.7%。

Effect of volatile organic compounds release from straw/ABS composites by several different kinds of modifiers

The rice straw fiber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) were used as the raw materials, the acticarbon, Al₂O₃, SiO₂ were used as the modifiers, respectively, the straw fiber/ABS composites were prepared via mixing molding process, The thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry combined instrument was used to compare and analyse the volatile organic compounds(VOC) release of straw fiber/ABS composites, and the effect of VOC release from composites by several different kinds of modifiers was researched. The results show that ABS and straw fibers can release CH₂O, C₂H₄O and C₃H₄O during the pyrolysis. The main source of the release of benzene and alkanes such as C₆H₆, C₇H₈ and C₈H₈ is ABS; the addition of activated carbon could significantly reduce the VOC release of straw fiber/ABS composites, and the total VOC release decreases by 55.5%. Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ can obviously reduce the release content of benzene in the straw fiber/ABS composite, the content of benzene is 32.4% and 30.9%, respectively. However, metal impurities such as Fe and Cu can catalyze the generation of aldehydes, resulting in increasing VOC emissions by 11.8% and 235.7%, respectively.