三角帆蚌贝壳的微结构及尺寸变化特征

天然生物经历了亿万年的不断进化，已经形成了近乎完美的结构。天然生物材料结构的研究是仿生研究的基础，本文以三角帆蚌贝壳为研究对象，利用SEM和AFM，描述了三角帆蚌贝壳的微结构特征，包括其角质层、棱柱层、珍珠层及界面和晶带的形貌，揭示文石晶片及各层间的尺寸变化规律。研究表明:角质层内部分布大量裂纹，珍珠层与棱柱层无明显过渡界面，珍珠层内发现条状晶带结构缺陷；贝壳壳体和珍珠层厚度随0生长线向外呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势，且单层文石晶片的厚度不均，最厚处可达最薄处的2倍多。对三角帆蚌贝壳的结构进行了深入研究，为其优异的力学性能提供了理论依据，为未来的仿生结构设计提供了新思路和新想法。 

Characteristics of microstructure and size change of the shell of Hyriopsis cumingii

Natural biology has evolved over millions of years and has formed near-perfect structure. Study on the structure of natural biomaterials is the basis of bionic research. The microstructural features of the shell of Hyriopsis cumingii, including the stratum corneum, prismatic layer, nacre, the interface between them and the topographys of trip-like crystal ribbon were described by using the SEM and AFM. The shape and size of the aragonite platelets and the dimensional change between the layers were measured according to the observations. The results show that there exist cracks in the stratum corneum. There is no obvious transition interface between the nacre and the prismatic layer. The structural defects of strip-like crystal ribbon are found in the nacre. The thickness of the whole shell and nacre increases first increases and then decreases along the 0 growth line, while the thickness of the monolayer aragonite tablet is uneven. The thickest part of the platelet can be more than twice as the thinnest part. The structure of the Hyriopsis cumingii was studied further, which provides a theoretical basis for its excellent mechanical properties, and provides new directions for the future bionic structure design.