过水设施水流噪声的形成机理及影响因子研究综述

为提高水流噪声对过水设施运行状态的监测效率，需明确水流噪声形成的机理及其与过水设施运行及结构参数之间的相互关系。分析和总结了河道与水电站常用过水设施水流噪声的形成机理及影响因子，指出常用过水设施水流噪声特征与其运行工况及流道结构特征密切相关，水流流速、流量与形成的水流噪声声级呈正相关关系；流道结构形式越复杂则水流紊动越激烈，水流噪声形成机理也越复杂。过水设施水流噪声声级和频率随流道水动力特性和结构边界特性同步变化，可作为过水设施运行及流道状态的信号源，实时监测过水设施的运行状态和安全，保障过水设施的安全。

A review on formation mechanism and influencing factors of water noise of overflow facilities

To improve the monitoring efficiency of water noise on the operation status of overflow facilities, it is necessary to clarify the formation mechanism of water noise and its relationship with the operating and structural parameters of overflow facilities.The formation mechanism and influencing factors of water noise of common overflow facilities of river channels and hydropower stations were analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that the characteristics of water noise of common overflow facilities are closely related to their operating conditions and channel structure characteristics. The flow velocity and flow rate are positively correlated with the noise level of water flow. The more complex the flow channel structure is, the more intense the flow turbulence is and the more complex the formation mechanism of water noise will be. The water noise level and frequency of overflow facilities change synchronously with the hydrodynamic characteristics and structural boundary characteristics of the passage, which can be used as the state signal source for the operation of overflow facilities. Monitoring the operation state and safety in real time can ensure the safety of overflow facilities.