“双碳”下金属纳米颗粒优化暗发酵制氢策略及前景

氢能是“双碳”下推动化石能源低碳转型的重要方向,微生物暗发酵制氢是实现生物质绿氢转化的有效途径。其中,利用具有量子尺寸效应、比表面积大和电导率高的金属纳米颗粒（MNPs）优化暗发酵制氢技术是近年研究热点。综述和评论了国内外添加MNPs用于优化暗发酵制氢性能的作用机制、技术难点和制氢效果等,重点阐述并比较了铁、镍和锌基三类热门MNPs优化策略在提高产氢酶系活性、增强代谢产氢途径和优化微生物群落结构等方面的作用,展望了暗发酵制氢可深入MNPs优化氢化酶活性、拓宽生物质发酵底物以及产氢菌筛选和反应器设计、生物质发酵技术开发等研究方向和应用前景。

Optimization of dark fermentation hydrogen production strategy by metal nanoparticles under ' double carbon ' and its prospect

Hydrogen energy is an important direction to promote the low-carbon transformation of fossil energy under " double carbon ".Dark fermentation of microorganisms is an effective way to achieve green hydrogen conversion of biomass. Among them, the use of metal nanoparticles ( MNPs ) with quantum size effect, large specific surface area and high conductivity to optimize dark fermentation hydrogen production technology is a research hotspot in recent years. The mechanism, technical difficulties and hydrogen production effects of adding MNPs to optimize the performance of hydrogen production by dark fermentation at home and abroad are reviewed and commented. The effects of three popular MNPs optimization strategies of iron, nickel and zinc on improving the activity of hydrogenase system, enhancing the metabolic hydrogen production pathway and optimizing the microbial community structure are emphatically expounded and compared. The research directions and application prospects of dark fermentation hydrogen production are prospected, such as optimizing the activity of hydrogenase by MNPs, broadening the substrate of biomass fermentation, screening and reactor design of hydrogen-producing bacteria, and developing biomass fermentation technology.