钻井作业井喷抢险装置设计

针对目前钻井作业过程中出现的井喷失控事故，设计了井喷抢险装置。该装置在远程控制下能够与光套管连接并且能可靠封闭井口，提高了井喷抢险作业的安全性。井喷抢险装置主要由支撑系统、生根系统、起升系统、对中系统、封井系统和套管卡紧系统组成。作业过程:支撑架将井喷抢险装置支撑在井口，支撑架上的液压缸推动固定架向前运动，当到达指定位置后生根系统卡紧套管本体，实现井喷抢险装置的生根；在对中系统的作用下，封井系统在水平面内前后左右运动，使封井系统的轴线与套管的轴线共线；升降系统带动封井系统下降，到达指定位置后封井系统停止运动；关闭环形防喷器和全封闸板防喷器，分别封闭封井系统与套管间的环空空间和套管内孔。对各系统进行了详细的结构设计并且利用ABAQUS有限元软件对关键零部件进行了有限元分析。分析结果表明，装置的强度与刚度均满足要求，针对目前钻井井喷事故中抢喷时间长、作业危险性高的现状，井喷抢险装置能够快速与井口光套管连接，及时制止井喷，可封闭压力达35 MPa的井口。

Design of emergency rescue device for the blowout in the process of well drilling

A blowout emergency rescue device was designed to deal with the uncontrolled blowout in the process of drilling operation. In the mode of remote control, this device can be connected with the bare casing and seal the wellhead reliably, so as to improve the safety of blowout emergency rescue operation. This blowout emergency rescue device is composed of supporting system, root system, hoisting system, centralizing system, capping system and casing clamping system. And its operation process is as follows. First, the blowout emergency rescue device is supported at the wellhead by the supporting frame, and the fixed frame is pushed forward to the assigned position by the hydraulic cylinder on the supporting frame. Later, the body of the casing is clamped by the root system, and thus the blowout emergency rescue device is rooted. Second, by virtue of the centralizing system, the capping system moves horizontally all around to make the axial line of capping system aligned with that of the casing. Third, the capping system stops moving after it is lowered by the hoisting system to the assigned location. Fourth, the annular BOP (blowout preventer) and the blind ram BOP are shut down to seal the hole inside the casing and the annulus space between the capping system and the casing. All systems were structurally designed in detail and then finite element analysis was conducted on the key parts by using ABAQUS finite element software. It is indicated that the strength and stiffness of this device are satisfactory. Faced with the long rescue time and high operation risk of current blowout acci-dents, this blowout emergency rescue device can connect with the wellhead bare casing to stop the blowout immediately. And it can cap the wellhead whose pressure is 35 MPa.