Evaluation of the illegal use of clenbuterol in Portuguese cattle farms from drinking water,urine, hair and feed samples |
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| Authors: | F Ramos ML Baeta J Reis MIN Silveira |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Grupo de Bromatologia, Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos , Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra , 3000–295 Coimbra, Portugal fjramos@ci.uc.pt;3. Grupo de Bromatologia, Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos , Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra , 3000–295 Coimbra, Portugal;4. Autoridade de Seguran?a Alimentar e Económica (ASAE) , Av. Conde Valbom 98, 1064–824 Lisbon, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The recent discovery of clenbuterol contamination in Portuguese food led to the specific inspection of 16 cattle farms for β-agonists, involving the analysis of a total of 486 samples (78 feed, 106 drinking water, 168 urine and 134 hair). The samples were screened for the β-agonists: bromobuterol, cimaterol, clenbuterol, clenpenterol, clenproperol, hydroxymethylclenbuterol, mapenterol, salbutamol and terbutaline. Only clenbuterol was found in all analyzed matrices and the most likely method of illegal administration to animals was through drinking water. Of all samples analysed, 14.15% of drinking water were found positive in the range 0.03–3.80 mg l?1 clenbuterol. Inclusion of hair samples in the Portuguese plan for clenbuterol residue control in live animals is discussed. |
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| Keywords: | clenbuterol drinking water feed urine hair |
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