Structural evolution of Eucalyptus tar pitch-based carbons during carbonization |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, C.P. 4478, Brasília, CEP: 70910 970, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270 901, Brazil;3. Departamento de Física, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Centro Técnico Aeroespacial, São José dos Campos CEP: 12228 901, Brazil;4. Divisão de Materiais, Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço, Centro Técnico Aeroespacial, São José dos Campos CEP: 12228 904, Brazil;1. Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan;2. Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, PR China;2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China;3. Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Dongying 257026, PR China;4. Research Institute of Petro China Fuel Oil Co., Ltd, Beijing 100195, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, People’s Republic of China;2. Research Institute of Petro China Fuel Oil Co., Ltd, Beijing 100195, People’s Republic of China;3. Linyi Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Linyi, People’s Republic of China;4. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China;5. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People’s Republic of China;1. Materials Science and Nano Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;2. Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, SUNUM, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China;2. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Wood tar pitches are generated as by-products by the charcoal manufacturing industry. They have a macromolecular structure constituted mainly by phenolic, guaiacylic, and siringylic units common to lignin. Due to their characteristics, biopitches are been investigated as precursors of carbon materials such as carbon fibers, bioelectrodes and activated carbons. In the present work the structural evolution of Eucalyptus tar pitches under carbonization is investigated, which is important for the improvement of planning and control of pitch processing and end-product properties during carbon material production. The studies involve X-ray diffraction and infrared analyses, besides helium density, BET surface area and BJH pore volume measurements. The results showed that the conversion of pitch into carbon basically involves three steps: (1) Up to around 600 °C the material has an highly disordered structure, being the release of aliphatic side chains and volatiles the main events taking place. (2) Between 600 °C and 800 °C, condensation of aromatic rings occurs to form bi-dimensional hexagonal networks so that micro- and mesoporosity are developed. The 800 °C-coke is constituted by two phases: one highly disordered and another more crystalline. (3) Over 800 °C, both phases are gradually ordered. As defects are gradually removed, surface area and porosity decrease, approaching zero for the 2100 °C-coke. |
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