进口含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别的探讨

含铁物料来源广泛、成分复杂,其中不乏我国限制或禁止进口的固体废物。不法商贩以废充好、掺杂废物等方式进口含铁物料的现象时有发生。这些物料仅从铁含量和外观上很难判别其属性。实验通过分析几种不同来源含铁物料样品的特征和来源,得出进口含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别的方法。其方法主要包括以下5个步骤:(1)考察样品的外观特征,包括样品颜色、状态、手感、气味、能否被磁铁吸附以及显微镜下观察等;(2)分析样品的理化组成,包括X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析以及其他必要的测试分析,分别获得样品的元素组成、元素含量信息和样品的物相组成、物相含量信息等;(3)查证文献资料等,具体是根据以上获得的样品信息,查阅相关的文献资料、调研、咨询专家等,对样品可能产生的来源、工艺进行分析查证;(4)确立样品的来源,即通过以上的考察、分析、查证等,推断并确立样品的来源;(5)判别样品的固体废物属性,根据《固体废物属性鉴别导则》(试行)给出样品是否属于固体废物的判定。如果样品是固体废物,可参照《进口废物管理目录》给出限制类别的判定。根据上述鉴定步骤,对送检的含铁尘泥、浸出渣、磨屑泥和尾矿进行了鉴别,判定这些样品均属于我国目前禁止进口的固体废物。

Discussion on identification of solid waste in importediron-containing material

The iron-containing materials have extensive sources and complicated components, and include the solid wastes those are restricted in China or prohibited to be imported. During the import of iron-containing materials, the use of shoddy or mixing of wastes is possibly conducted for some unscrupulous traders. The properties of these materials are hardly distinguished only from iron content and appearance. The characteristics and sources of iron-containing materials from different regions were analyzed in experiments to find out the identification method of solid wastes in imported iron-containing materials. This method mainly included five steps as follows: (1) the investigation of sample appearance characters, including color, state, hand feeling, magnet adsorption or not, and microscope observation; (2) the analysis of physicochemical composition, including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other necessary tests, to obtain the elemental composition and content information of sample as well as the composition and content of phases in sample; (3) the literature review, i.e., the possible resource and process of sample were analyzed via relevant literatures, survey and expert consultation based on the sample information obtained above; (4) the confirmation of sample source, i.e., the source of sample was deduced and confirmed based on the investigation, analysis and verification above; (5) the discrimination of solid waste property of sample, i.e., whether the sample belonged to solid waste or not was judged according to the (tentative). If the sample belonged to solid waste, the restriction category could be given according to . Based on the identification steps above, the iron-containing dust slime, leaching residue, abrasive dust and tailings were identified. The results indicated that these samples were solid wastes those were prohibited to be imported at present in China.