Magnetic resonance imaging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using magnetite particles coated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody

This is a retrospective review of 29 posttraumatic pediatric and adolescent patients with surgically documented triangular fibrocartilage complex tears. All patients complained of ulnar wrist pain. Fifteen patients (52%) sustained distal radius fracture at the time of the original injury. Twenty-three (79%) of the triangular fibrocartilage complex tears were Palmer 1B lesions. There were 31A, 11C, and 21D lesions. All 1B, 1C, and 1D tears were repaired. Coexisting pathology was present in 25 patients (86%). This pathology included ulnar styloid nonunion, distal radioulnar joint instability, ulnocarpal impaction, distal radius deformity, and intercarpal ligament tears, which were treated by ulnar styloid nonunion excision, distal radioulnar joint stabilization, ulnar shortening, radius corrective osteotomy, and intercarpal ligament debridement, respectively. The length of the follow-up period averaged 21 months. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Outcomes were graded by a modification of the Mayo wrist score. Twenty-four patients (89%) had excellent results, 3 had good results.