生物炭负载纳米零价铁去除水中石油污染物

在油田开采过程中，化学药剂的大量使用导致原油乳化严重，使得产出液中含有大量难以去除的原油。为了高效、快速且不产生二次污染地处理含油污水，本研究将纳米零价铁负载在菌糠生物炭上，制备了一种新型的铁炭复合材料（SMS-nZVI），并全面评估了其处理高浓度石油污水的的能力。室内模拟除油实验，结果表明，与单独的菌糠生物炭和纳米零价铁相比，SMS-nZVI除油速度快、效果显著。采用SEM，TEM，BET和FTIR对材料的形貌，结构和性能进行了表征，结果表明，采用生物炭做基底材料可以有效地防止纳米零价铁的团聚，增加材料整体比表面积，增强材料吸附能力。将菌糠生物炭基底与其他生物炭基底进行对比发现，菌糠生物炭制备的铁炭复合材料除油效果优于传统的小麦秸秆生物炭。通过对实验条件的优化，得到了具有最佳除油效果的操作工艺：当纳米零价铁与生物炭的质量比为1：5，pH值为4，原油的初始浓度为1000mg·L-1时，水中石油的去除率在5h时可达到95％。将SMS-nZVI暴露在空气中30天进行自然老化处理后，材料仍能保持62%以上的石油去除率，这说明该材料具有良好的稳定性。

Biochar Supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Composites for The Removal of Petroleum

In the process of oilfield exploitation, the extensive use of chemical agents leads to serious crude oil emulsification, which makes the produced liquid contain a large amount of crude oil that is difficult to remove. In order to treat oily wastewater efficiently, quickly and without secondary pollution, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was supported on biochar prepared from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) to prepare a novel iron-carbon composite (SMS-nZVI), and its ability to treat high concentration of oily wastewater was comprehensively evaluated. The results of the indoor simulated removal of petroleum experiment show that, compared with SMS and nZVI, SMS-nZVI can remove petroleum quickly and effectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen-adsorption and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to characterize the morphology, structure and properties of the composite. The results showed that SMS biochar can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nZVI, increase the overall specific surface area and enhance the adsorption capacity of the composite. Comparing with other biochar substrates, it was found that the iron-carbon composits prepared by spent mushroom substrate has a better petroleum removal effect than the traditional wheat straw biochar. By optimizing the experimental conditions, an operation process with the best petroleum removal effect was obtained: when the mass ratio of nZVI to biochar was 1:5, pH was 4, and the initial concentration of petroleum was 1000mg·L-1, the petroleum removal rate could reach 95% at 5h. After exposing SMS-nZVI to air for 30 days for natural aging treatment, SMS-nZVI can still maintain an oil removal rate of more than 62%, which indicates that the composite has good stability.