Graphene nanosheets production using liquid-phase exfoliation of pre-milled graphite in dimethylformamide and structural defects evaluation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran;2. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, PO Box: 163-16765, Tehran, Iran;3. Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 Tehran, Iran;1. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan;3. Department of Physics, University of Yangon, 11041 Kamayut, Yangon, Myanmar;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China;2. Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | The non-oxidation-based procedure is proposed for the production of high-quality graphene nanosheets using graphite as the raw materials. This research demonstrated a hybrid two-step production method by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of Premilled graphite in Dimethylformamide (DMF) and compared it with the purely milled and just sonicated samples. However, a simple physical separation procedure composed of two centrifuge processes also designed for the separation of the products in each step. By this process, the exfoliated graphite, less-exfoliated ones and produced nanoparticles are separated, and the less-exfoliated ones are reused again in moderate sonication process. Two grades of graphene nanosheets and a grade of graphitic nanoparticles result at the end. The quality and the nature of defects in all graphene samples produced from LPE, wet milling of graphite and a combination of both, was investigated and discussed by Raman spectroscopy related indices. Raman spectra analysis indicates the adverse effect of sonication power on the in-plane defects formation in the graphene nanosheets which could be hindered by the reduction in power of sonication along with the pre-milling of the graphite. Also inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis used for further characterization of the milled-sonicated sample. |
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| Keywords: | Liquid phase exfoliation Graphene nanosheets Milling Structural defects Raman spectroscopy |
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