植物纤维素基碳气凝胶的制备及应用研究进展

植物纤维素基碳气凝胶具有低密度、可生物降解、优异的吸附性能和电化学性能稳定等特点。本文围绕其原料来源、制备工艺及其在环境治理和能量储存与转化方面的应用，分析了植物纤维素基碳气凝胶的性能及研究进展。详细叙述了以棉花、木材、竹纤维等为原料的植物纤维素基碳气凝胶的制备方法，如：溶胶-凝胶法、水热炭化法、直接炭化法等。分析了制备过程中干燥方法、溶剂的选择及置换、复合改性等影响因素，并介绍了碳气凝胶在空气净化、油水分离、有毒化合物、重金属离子的去除等环境治理及能量转化与储存方面的。

Preparation and Application Progress of Plant Cellulose-based Carbon Aerogel

Plant cellulose-based carbon aerogel has the characteristics of low density, biodegradable, excellent adsorption and stable electrochemical properties. This paper analyzed the performance and development of plant cellulose-based carbon aerogels around its raw material, preparation process and application in environmental management and energy storage and transformation. The preparation methods of plant cellulose-based carbon aerogels of cotton, wood, bamboo fiber and other raw materials were described in detail, such as sol gel method, hydrothermal method, direct carbonization method, etc. The factors of drying method, solvent selection and replacement and composite modification during preparation were analyzed. And the applications of carbon aerogel in air cleaning, oil water separation, removal of toxic compound and heavy metal ion, environmental governance and energy conversion and storage were introduced.