电过滤纸喷雾离子源的性能优化及应用研究

常压离子源是质谱技术在生命科学、环境保护、医药卫生、食品安全等领域的研究热点之一。随着质谱分析技术的应用范围越来越广，直接快速分析复杂体系的化合物组成和含量越发重要。本工作基于已研制的小型化离子阱质谱和电过滤纸喷雾离子源，对其分析性能和应用进行深入研究。以提高质谱信号强度和检测灵敏度为目标，对所用滤纸的孔径、离子源尖端与水平面的角度、离子源与质谱进样毛细管之间的距离等条件进行系统分析。实验结果表明，选择孔径为20~25 μm的滤纸、离子源尖端与水平面角度为15°~60°、离子源距质谱进样毛细管7.5 mm时，信号强度最优。在优化后的实验条件下检测蔗糖、肯普肽、维生素B₂、罗库溴铵、精氨酸和芬太尼，表明本方法可检测的物质种类较广泛。选择实际样品氨加黄敏胶囊进行检测，得到对乙酰氨基酚分子离子峰（m/z 152），并可在活鱼体内快速检测到孔雀石绿分子离子峰（m/z 329）。使用电过滤纸喷雾离子源简化了样品复杂的前处理过程，进一步提高了样品分析速度，扩展了离子阱质谱技术的应用领域。

Optimization the Electric-Filter Paper Spray Ionization and Application on Rapid Analysis

Traditional ion sources generally require complex sample pre-processing for the analytes, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid on-site detection, this problem greatly restricts the scope of application of the mass spectrometer. Atmospheric pressure ion source is a new type of ionization technology which has emerged in the last ten years, and it is also one of the hotspots in the application of mass spectrometry technology in life sciences, environmental protection, medicine and health, food safety and other fields. With the wider application of mass spectrometry technology, direct and rapid analysis of the composition and content of complex system has become more and more important. Based on the developed miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometer and electric-filter paper spray ion source, this paper conducted in-depth experimental research on their analytical performance and application. With the aim of improving the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of the mass spectra, the aperture of the filter paper, the angle between the tip of the ion source and the horizontal plane, the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary, and the material of the metal funnel were systematically optimized. The experimental results showed that when the filter paper with a pore size of 20-25 μm, the angle between the ion source tip and the horizontal plane is 15°-60°, and the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary is 7.5 mm, the signal intensity is the highest, the used different metal materials have little effect on the signal intensity of the ion source. Under the optimized experimental conditions, standard samples of sucrose, kemptide, vitamin B₂, rocuronium, arginine and fentanyl were tested, which greatly expanded the application range of the ion source. Analysis and detection of ammonia plus Huangmin capsules could quickly obtain the molecular ion peak of paracetamol (m/z 152), and the malachite green (m/z 329) molecular ion peak could be quickly detected in the living fish. In summary, the electric-filter paper spray ion source can realize rapid real-time detection and analysis, and reduce the complicated pre-processing process of the analytes. Furthermore, it can improve the sample analysis speed, and expand the application field of ion trap mass spectrometry technology.