质谱技术在农药残留分析中的研究进展

现代农用化学品与农产品的数量和质量安全密切相关，农药残留问题一直是大众关注的焦点。采用灵敏、准确、可靠的质谱技术能够准确地对残留农药进行定性和定量分析，从而为农药登记、农药残留摄入风险评估、环境有益生物安全、食品及其加工品中农药残留监测与监管等方面提供有力的技术支撑，保障环境安全和人类健康。本文综述了各种质谱及其联用技术的发展历史及各时期的特点，对主流质谱技术在农药多残留分析中的应用进行综合分析，重点阐述其在食品、环境、生物等领域的应用。此外，还概述了质谱及其联用技术在各国标准方法中的应用，并对比了国际食品法典委员会和欧盟等组织对质谱定性定量分析方法的要求。总之，自20世纪90年代以来，四极杆等质谱仪、色谱-质谱联用设备、多级质谱以及高分辨质谱技术在农药残留分析领域呈现出主流趋势；高通量筛查技术、现场可移动和桌面型质谱联用、原位电离技术、无靶标筛查平台以及简洁快速的样品前处理净化技术是未来研究与发展的主要方向。

Research Progress of Mass Spectrometry in Pesticide Residue Analysis

Pesticide is closely related to the quantity and quality of agricultural products, which has been the effective measure to control the diseases, insect pests and weeds. The level of pesticide residues and the risk to human health have always been the focus of public attention. Mass spectrometry has the advantage of high specificity and sensitivity, high tolerance, good accuracy and repeatability, which can be used to detect pesticide residues accurately and provide strong technical support for pesticide registration, management and risk assessment. This review summarized the development and characteristic of mass spectrometry and MS combination techniques. The performance of mass spectrometry in pesticide residue analysis was introduced comprehensively, especially in food, environment, and biological science. In addition, the application of mass spectrometry and MS combination techniques in official standard methods were discussed. The identification criteria for different MS techniques of Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Union were compared. Since 1990s, quadrupole, tandem mass spectrometry, high-resolution mass spectrometry or combination with chromatography have shown a major development trend in the field of pesticide residue analysis. High throughput screening technology, on-site mobile and desktop mass spectrometry, ambient ionization, non-target screening and simple and fast sample preparation technique will be the mainly researchable and developmental fields in the future.