电炉炼钢钢铁原料的现状分析与展望

 电炉炼钢作为短流程的核心工艺,具有铁元素循环利用率高、能源消耗低及环境效益良好的特点,推动电炉炼钢健康发展符合中国实现“碳达峰”、“碳中和”目标对钢铁绿色发展的要求。电炉炼钢入炉的钢铁原料种类较转炉多且结构灵活,并且对电炉冶炼的工艺过程控制有直接的影响。为创造充分挖掘和发挥电炉炼钢优势的良好起始条件,针对目前电炉炼钢的主要入炉钢铁原料的情况和特点,从其生产储备、工艺过程操作、能源消耗、环境保护等方面入手,分析了废钢、铁水和直接还原铁作为主要原料的使用现状及优缺点,并着重对比分析了直接还原球团特点和技术指标,为探究和优化合理的电炉炼钢入炉钢铁原料结构提供了理论依据。从资源消耗、环境保护等方面考虑,废钢和直接还原球团将成为今后短流程炼钢的主要原料。结合钢铁循环利用技术和产业专业化的逐渐成熟,以及更加绿色环保的氢冶金技术的发展,废钢综合回收利用技术、高品位洁净球团生产技术、氢气竖炉直接还原技术将会是未来电炉入炉钢铁原料生产技术的发展方向,配套新型高效智能电弧炉冶炼技术将会是未来短流程炼钢的发展方向。

Current situation analysis and prospect of iron and steel raw material for electric arc furnace steelmaking

As the core technology of short-path steelmaking, electric arc furnace steelmaking (EAF) has the characteristics of high iron recycling rate, low energy consumption and good environmental benefits. Promote the healthy development of EAF steelmaking, which is in line with the requirement of green development of iron and steel to achieve the goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality. EAF has various and flexible raw iron and steel materials for charging than the converter, and which affect directly the process control of EAF smelting. To create a good starting condition for excavating and exerting fully the advantages of EAF, the application, advantages and disadvantages of scrap, hot metal and direct reduced iron (DRI) as the main raw materials were analyzed from their production and storage, process operation, energy consumption, environmental protection and other aspects base of the current situation and characteristics of the main steel raw materials for EAF, and it is as a key point that the characteristics and technical indexes of direct reduction pellets are compared and analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for exploring and optimizing the structure of raw iron and steel materials of EAF steelmaking. The scrap and direct reduced pellets will turn into the main raw materials of short-path steelmaking in the future considering resource consumption and environmental protection. Combined with the gradual maturation of iron and steel recycling technology and industrial specialization, and the development of more green hydrogen metallurgy technology, the new technologies, including comprehensive recycling technology of scrap, production technology of high-grade clean pellet as well as direct reduction technology of hydrogen shaft furnace, will be the development direction of production technology of iron and steel raw materials charged for EAF. Meanwhile, matching new and high efficient intelligent electric arc furnace smelting technology will be the development direction of short-path steelmaking in the future.