5.12汶川大地震损毁城镇的震害效应与重建选址问题

 汶川大地震严重损毁城镇的震害效应主要有断层错动效应、场地及地基效应、地形震动放大效应及地质灾害效应等类型。损毁城镇重建选址问题涉及地震断裂、地质灾害及社会民生、经济发展等诸方面因素，是一个复杂的系统工程问题。考虑问题的基本原则应是：对于位于地震断裂带上且地质环境恶化、存在严重地质灾害隐患的城镇，必须异地迁建；对于虽然损毁较严重、但远离断裂带且不存在致命地质灾害隐患的城镇，应按照“科学规划，规范避让，合理调整抗震设防标准”的原则，原址重建。重建选址还应重视地质灾害的隐蔽性、诱发因素的多重性与长期持续性等问题，加强地质环境的适宜性评价及地质灾害的风险性评估。

EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE EFFECTS OF TOWNS AND RECONSTRUCTION SITE SELECTION IN WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE ON MAY 12,2008

During Wenchuan earthquake，earthquake damage effects which severely damaged towns mainly include fault dislocation effect，site and foundation effect，amplification effect of ground motion and geological hazard effect. Site selection problem involves with complex factors，such as earthquake faults，geological hazards，national well-being and the people's livelihood，economic development，and so on. It is a complicated system engineering. The basic principle of solving the problems is described as follows. For the towns located in earthquake fault zones and deteriorative geological environment with severe hidden trouble of geological hazard，they must be moved to other places；for the town without severe hidden trouble of geological hazard，damaged seriously but far away from earthquake fault zones，they should be in-situ reconstruction according to the principles of “scientific planning，norms avoidance，reasonable adjustment to the aseismic standards”. During reconstruction site selection，attention should be paid to potential geological hazards，multiplicity of inducing factors and long-term sustainability，and suitability evaluation on geological environment and risk assessment of geologic hazard should be strengthened.