The Development and Application of Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater using Biological and Metal Precipitation Techniques

The paper describes a programme of technology development in phosphate removal which was carried out by Anglian Water in response to the requirements of the urban waste water treatment Directive Trials covered pilot and large-scale biological nutrient-removal plants, and iron-salt dosing to activated-sludge plants and biological filters. The fundamentals of the processes are discussed and results are presented.