冻干鲜花品质影响因素的研究

冷冻干燥法是一种相对较新的干花制作方法。为了探讨鲜花冻干技术中的主要影响因素，以金盏菊、康乃馨和玫瑰三种鲜花为素材，采用真空冷冻干燥技术分别进行了护色、预冻时间和升华干燥时间的单因素试验研究。研究结果表明，护色、预冻和升华干燥时间三种因素均对冻干花品质有显著影响。金盏菊经8h预冻，11h升华干燥，冻干后花瓣由单层变为双层，花型更饱满；康乃馨经8h预冻，13h升华干燥，冻干花品质最好；康乃馨和玫瑰经护色后形色较好且无鼓泡现象。利用冻干技术制作干花是可行的，且具有深入研究应用前景。

Study on Influencing Factors of Product Quality of Freeze-drying Flowers

An experiment study on vacuum freeze- drying for Calendula officials, Carnations and Rose was conducted to explore important factors influencing the flower product quality. The results show that the color- protection, pre - frozen time, and sublimation drying time have significant influences on quality of freeze - drying flowers. With eight pre - frozen hours and 11 drying hours, the petals of Calendula officials became double resulted, fat and pretty. Carnations had the best quality with eight pre - frozen hours and 13 drying hours. After color - protection, the diameters of Carnations and Rose varied slightly and no bubble occurred.