民国时期行道树种植观念之形成与普及探述

我国近代城市中种植行道树的观念形成于民初、并在1920年代后期得以深入人心,成为道路建设和城市生活必不可少的部分。本文考察近代城市行道树种植制度的起源与发展:其起源于19世纪50年代巴黎改造和维也纳等欧洲城市拆墙辟道运动,同时被引入美国城市公园运动并成为城市美化运动的标志之一。西方的这些经验在20世纪初传入日本后,行道树成为模仿西方城市意象的重要道具,同时满足了防灾需求。我国近代的行道树种植观念即在此影响下形成。民国的行道树文献带着普及知识、规训市民行为、强化民族主义意识等多重目的,从一个侧面反映了我国近代国家建构的进程。考察行道树种植观念的形成是研究我国近代城市规划和景观设计思想史的样例。

A Preliminary Study on the Rise and Popularization of Roadside Tree Planting in Republic China

The concept of planting roadside trees in cities was advocated and popularized in early Republic China and got its further development in the late 1920s. This paper summarized the origin and development of tree-planting idea in a global view: it initialy appeared in the reconstruction of Paris in the 1850s, folowed by Vienna and other European cities. Planting roadside tree was introduced to the America as part of the Urban Park Movement and City Beautiful Movement, and then to Japan as an instrument to modernizing urban infrastructure. Roadside tree planting was ifrst practiced in the 1910s in Republic China by inlfuences, and then was widely accepted due to a large amount of articles in contemporary journals and magazines advocating this idea. Roadside tree planting hence was associated with nationalistic movement and international competition, providing a special approach to study the state building process of the time and a classic case to study the intelectual history of modern urban planning and landscape design in China.