GIS支持下内蒙古草场动态变化及其环境背景分析

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,以农牧交错带内蒙古为例,构建了内蒙古土地利用数据库,定量地分析草地这一内蒙古主要自然资源80年代中期至2000年的动态变化,以及与环境背景的关系。结果表明:内蒙古草地变化主要向耕地,草地等土地利用类型转变,耕地占用草地严重;草地变城镇农村居民点的面积少;草地的退化面积较大,尤以低覆盖度草地为重。同时草地变化发生的环境集中在条件较好区域,说明自然条件对人类活动的约束,也反映内蒙古的经济相对滞后。

Analysis on Grassland Dynamics and Its Environment Background in Based on Digital Platform in Case of Inner Mongolia

Using 1980s and 2000 TM as a primary data source and processing by atmosphere and geometric
correction, we get dynamic coverage by visual interpreting under MGE environment. Then we select Inner
Mongolia grassland dynamic coverage. In GRID, this coverage is changed into 100 m*100 m as a mask.
According to the conditions of study area, we choose slope, aridity, soil erosion etc as environment background
factors. We get environment background coverage under mask coverage. Finally, we combine the grassland
coverage and every environment background coverage under GRID. The shifting farmland and grassland is
main change of grassland in Inner Mongolia, whereas the shifting urban less, moreover grassland degradation is
becoming serious. Grassland change fastens on several degrees of environment index because of region law
restrict and transition characteristic, which lies the change value getting its max at middle index and min at
both of end. What the grassland change happens cover the good environment, which shows the nature limit.
The most bigness change area of grassland is high cover grassland and the most smallness is low cover
grassland. With the degree of grassland cover decreasing, the grassland degradation is getting more serious.