面向智能电网架空线的传感器故障容忍机制

在配用电网络全网的监控过程中，杆塔等设施的状态监测与故障容忍成为电力系统亟待解决的问题。现有的监控系统由于网络线性拓扑结构等限制，故障发生时无法及时维护，影响到电力生产业务，易造成电力重大事故。该文面向利用传感器监控电网架空线的背景，提出一个针对传感器部署的故障容忍机制。首先，依据N-x原则等，最小化冗余备份节点和无线模块的数量，达到成本最小化的目的。其次，综合考虑时延约束、N-x原则的数量约束等构建数学优化模型。基于该模型，利用聚类合并思想，构建了一个面向智能电网架空线的传感器故障容忍机制。最后，仿真实验证明，以此机制部署的传感器监测网络能够在成本最小化的基础上，有效地容忍故障。

Fault Tolerance Mechanism for Sensors Monitoring Overhead Transmission Line in Smart Grid

In the process of monitoring and controlling power distribution network, condition monitoring and fault tolerance of towers and other facilities become an urgent problem in power system. The existing monitoring system can not maintain transmission of distributed power timely when fault occurs because of the limitations such as linear topology. Therefore, it may result in serious power system accidents, influencing production business of electric power. Based on the background of using sensors to monitor overhead transmission line, a fault tolerance mechanism for sensors deployment is proposed. First, according to N-x principle, the number of backup nodes and cellular-enabled modules is minimized to achieve the goal of cost minimization. Second, the number constraint of N-x principle and delay constraint is integrated into establishing a mathematical optimization model. Based on this model and by using clustering algorithm, a fault tolerance mechanism is built for sensors monitoring overhead transmission line in smart grid. Finally, the simulation experiment shows that sensor monitoring network deployed with this mechanism can tolerate the faults on the basis of minimized cost effectively.