XPS Analysis of Submicrometer Barium Titanate Powder |
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Authors: | Markus Wegmann Lewis Watson Alan Hendry |
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Affiliation: | Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;Materials and Metallurgy Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | A commercial submicrometer BaTiO3 powder was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis revealed the powder surfaces to be covered with a layer of physisorbed H2O and chemisorbed –OH ions. A BaCO3 residual not detected with XPS was shown to be present in the powder using X-ray diffraction, suggesting that the carbonate takes the form of discrete particles rather than of a continuous surface layer. A relaxed surface phase detected in previous XPS analyses of bulk BaTiO3 was also shown to be present. Depth profiling revealed the powder surfaces to be Ti-rich, confirming the presence of a phase, or phases, to stoichiometrically balance the barium carbonate. |
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Keywords: | barium titanate X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy barium carbonate |
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