Limiting shear creep of epoxy adhesive at the FRP–concrete interface using multi-walled carbon nanotubes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC01 1070, NM 87131-0001, USA;2. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 1 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt;1. Engineering Department, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy;2. Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;1. University of Birmingham, School of Metallurgy and Materials, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;2. School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, Zografou 157 80, Greece;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200# Xiaolingwei Road, Nanjing 210094, China;2. Jiangxi Changjiang Chemical Co. Ltd., 1210# East of Qianjin Road, Jiujiang 332006, China;1. Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen''s Building, BS8 1TR, United Kingdom;2. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom;1. Meram Vocational School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42000, Turkey;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42140, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used in structural strengthening and retrofitting due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and non-corrosive properties. However, one of the recently recognized drawbacks of common FRP strengthening systems is the relatively high shear creep deformation of epoxy adhesives when FRP sheets are used to strengthen concrete structures against sustained loads. On the other hand, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reported to provide significant enhancement to various mechanical properties when used in epoxy adhesives. This enhancement is attributed to the extraordinary mechanical properties of the CNTs and their ability to bond to epoxy. In this article, we report the results of experimental and analytical investigations conducted to examine shear creep behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced epoxy nanocomposite used at the FRP–concrete interface. Double shear tests were performed on FRP sheets bonded to concrete blocks with MWCNTs reinforced epoxy nanocomposite. Various levels of pristine and functionalized MWCNTs by weight were examined including 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. The viscoelastic behavior of MWCNTs reinforced epoxy nanocomposite was simulated with rheological models and the models' parameters were extracted and discussed. The results show the ability of MWCNTs to significantly reduce creep compliance of epoxy at the FRP–concrete interface making it a viable solution if FRP is used to strengthen concrete structures subjected to sustained stress. |
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